Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Original Research Article | OPEN ACCESS

Gender-based clinical study on the association of cognitive impairment with drinking and smoking

Yingying Fu¹, Xiaoli Chen², Guoping Zhang³, Shunda Wang⁴

¹Department of Emergency; ²Department of Neurology; ³Department of Computed Tomography; ⁴Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shanxi 710068, China.

For correspondence:- Shunda Wang Email: shundawang6@hotmail.com Tel:+8615829307937

Accepted: 21 August 2018 Published: 30 September 2018

Citation: Fu Y, Chen X, Zhang G, Wang S. Gender-based clinical study on the association of cognitive impairment with drinking and smoking. Trop J Pharm Res 2018; 17(9):1867-1874 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v17i9.27

© 2018 The authors.
This is an Open Access article that uses a funding model which does not charge readers or their institutions for access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) and the Budapest Open Access Initiative (http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read), which permit unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited..

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking among the elderly population of a Chinese city with a risk of developing cognitive decline and dementia.

Methods: In this study, 1687 participants from the suburban town of Yanliang in Xi'an Sub-province, Shanxi Province, China in the age group of 60 - 65 years and who have not develop cognitive decline were assessed over a 6-year period. The study involved the evaluation of gender-based effect on alcohol consumption and smoking cigarette and its impact on cognitive functions.

Results: The study observed that smokers have a higher risk of cognitive decline than non-smokers (odds ratio = 1.51; 95 % CI = (1.07 – 2.11). Interestingly, the odds ratio of the smokers among the female subjects was 1.54; 95 % CI (1.02 - 2.49) compared to female non-smokers. Moreover, a dose-dependent relationship was observed for those female smoker with higher pack-years compared to non-smokers (p = 0.003). On the other hand, regular alcohol consumption also increased the possibility of dementia and cognitive decline (odds ratio = 1.69; CI at 95 % = (1.03 – 2.75), hence a dose-dependent relationship was observed between male users (p = 0.042).

Conclusion: The results suggest that alcohol consumption and smoking are linked with cognitive decline among the female subjects in the age group of 60 – 65 years. Thus, the relationship between these factors is characterized by gender difference which may be due to female sex hormones

Keywords: Cognitive health, Alcohol consumptions, Smoking, Elderly population